RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM SMART ECO-TOURISM BERBASIS VIRTUAL REALITY UNTUK MENDUKUNG PARIWISATA BERKELANJUTAN DI KABUPATEN AGAM, SUMATERA BARAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34125/jkps.v11i1.1899Keywords:
Kata Smart Eco-Tourism, Virtual Reality, Pariwisata Berkelanjutan, Danau ManinjauAbstract
Sustainable tourism has become an important approach in managing tourist destinations that prioritize environmental preservation and community welfare. The Maninjau Lake area in Agam Regency, West Sumatra, has significant natural tourism potential but still faces limitations in digital promotion media and tourist understanding of eco-tourism concepts. This study aims to design and develop a Smart Eco-Tourism system based on Virtual Reality as a promotional and educational media for sustainable tourism. This research uses the Prototype method which allows system development to be carried out iteratively and focuses on user needs. The system development process includes requirement analysis, prototype design, implementation, and system testing. The developed system is capable of presenting interactive 3D tourism maps and virtual exploration experiences of Maninjau Lake tourist destinations. Functional and usability testing results indicate that the system works properly and is easy to use by users. The integration of Virtual Reality technology into Smart Eco-Tourism systems provides an interactive digital tourism promotion model while supporting environmental awareness and sustainable tourism education.
References
(TIES), T. I. E. S. (2020). What is EcoTourism? Principles and Practices of Responsible Travel. The International EcoTourism Society. https://ecoTourism.org/what-is-ecoTourism/
(UNWTO), W. T. O. (2020). International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2020. United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). https://www.unwto.org/international-recommendations-for-Tourism-statistics
Agam, D. P. K. (2024). Kunjungan wisatawan ke Agam meningkat 18.826 orang selama 2024. In Antara News Sumbar. https://sumbar.antaranews.com/berita/652066/kunjungan-wisatawan-ke-agam-meningkat-18826-orang-selama-2024
Aldaihani, M., Alenezi, M., & Alghamdi, F. (2021). A Smart Tourism Framework Using Emerging Technologies: IoT, Cloud Computing, and Virtual Reality Integration. IEEE Access, 9, 145320–145334. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3122134
Almeida, F., Silva, T., & Costa, C. (2022). Virtual Reality as a Tool for Promoting Sustainable Tourism. Sustainability, 14(3), 1678. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031678
ALsaad, Y. (2024). The Role of Smart Technologies in Advancing Sustainable Tourism: A Systematic Review. Middle East Journal of Scientific Perspectives. https://www.mejsp.com/journals/public/assets/uploads/journals-researches/1761939390_1813916279.pdf
Ariyani, D., & Fauzi, A. (2023). Transformasi Manajemen Pariwisata Pedesaan Berkelanjutan di Jawa Tengah: Analisis Jalur Penguatan Infrastruktur, Investasi, dan Teknologi Informasi. Jurnal Kepariwisataan Indonesia, 17(2), 112–129. https://journal.kemenparekraf.go.id/index.php/jki/article/view/231
Ariyani, D., & Fauzi, A. (2024). Penguatan Keberlanjutan Destinasi Wisata Berbasis Waduk di Kawasan Pedesaan: Analisis Insentif, Kolaborasi, dan Aksesibilitas. Jurnal Pembangunan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan, 6(1), 77–95. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/jppb/article/view/6248
Babic, D., Mitrovic, I., & Zivkovic, A. (2022). Adaptive Software Development Through Prototyping: Enhancing Flexibility in Dynamic User Environments. Journal of Systems and Software Development, 15(2), 99–118. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10270-022-01012-x
Barat, B. P. S. P. S. (2024). Statistik Pariwisata Provinsi Sumatera Barat Tahun 2024. https://sumbar.bps.go.id
Boehm, B., Lane, J. A., Koolmanojwong, S., & Turner, R. (2021). The Incremental Commitment Spiral Model: Principles and Practices for Successful Systems and Software. Addison-Wesley Professional.
Carr, V., & Verner, I. (2021). Exploratory Software Prototyping: Translating User Expectations into Realistic System Specifications. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 31(12), 1563–1580. https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/S0218194021500633
Connolly, T., & Begg, C. (2021). Database Systems: A Practical Approach to Design, Implementation, and Management (7th ed.). Pearson.
Guan, Y., Chen, L., & Huang, Z. (2023). Smart Tourism and Virtual Reality: Integrating Immersive Technologies for Sustainable Destination Development. Tourism Management Perspectives, 45, 101079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2023.101079
Hasan, Z., Rehman, J., & Shamsi, M. I. (2025). Transitioning from Onsite to Virtual Tourism Using Metaverse: An EcoTech Framework for Sustainable Tourism Development BT - EcoTech Framework Series on Sustainable Tourism. ResearchGate Publications. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Junaid-Rehman-Shaikh/publication/396850782_Transitioning_from_onsite-to-virtual-Tourism-using-metaverse-An-EcoTech-Framework-for-sustainable-Tourism-development.pdf
Indonesia, K. P. dan E. K. R. (2023). Laporan Statistik dan Pembangunan Kepariwisataan Nasional 2023. Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif. https://www.kemenparekraf.go.id/statistik-pariwisata
Inmor, S., Na-Nan, K., Phanniphong, K., & Jaturat, N. (2025). The Role of Smart Green Tourism Technologies in Shaping Tourist Intentions. Smart Tourism Studies. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667010025000903
Kaur, J., & Singh, R. (2021). Leveraging UML in Modeling Interactive Virtual Reality Systems. International Journal of Computer Applications, 183(35), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2021921633
Koswara, A. (2025). The Future of Smart Tourism: Integrating AI, IoT, and Big Data for Enhanced Travel Experiences. Journal of Hospitality. http://journal.poltekpar-palembang.ac.id/index.php/jh/article/view/1400
Kumar, V., & Kushwaha, B. P. (2025). Advancing Sustainable Tourism through Virtual Reality Technology: A Systematic Literature Review Using the ADO Framework. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights. https://www.emerald.com/jhti/article/8/10/3923/1270954
Leiper, N. (1990). Tourism Systems: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Massey University Press. https://library.massey.ac.nz/record=b1245781~S1
Li, X., Wang, J., & Zhang, H. (2022). Applying UML to Smart Tourism System Design with Virtual Reality Technologies. Sensors, 22(9), 3372. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093372
Lukita, C., Pangilinan, G. A., & Chakim, M. H. R. (2023). Examining the Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things on Smart Tourism Destinations. Applied Tourism Technology. https://doi.org/10.34306/att.v5i2sp.332
Maryani, T., Gaol, F. L., & Hidayanto, A. N. (2022). Implementasi Metode Prototype dalam Pengembangan Sistem Virtual Reality untuk Promosi Pariwisata Digital. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi, 8(3), 211–228. https://journal.ui.ac.id/jtik/article/view/872
Nelson, C. A., Del Fiol, G., & Hanseler, M. (2020). Bridging the Gap Between Developers and Users: The Role of Prototyping in User-Centered System Design. Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, 13(9), 402–419. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=103289
Novera, C. N., Ahmed, Z., Kushol, R., & Wanke, P. (2022). Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Tourism: A Literature Review. Society and Business Review. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/SJME-03-2022-0035/full/html
Object Management Group (OMG). (2023). Unified Modeling Language (UML) Specification, Version 2.5.1. Object Management Group.
Pham, T. H., Nguyen, L. C., & Luu, N. T. M. (2025). Exploring the Role of AR and VR in Sustainable Travel and Conservation. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2025.2580301
Pressman, R. S., & Maxim, B. R. (2020a). Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Pressman, R. S., & Maxim, B. R. (2020b). Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach. McGraw-Hill Education.
Ramadhani, N., & Rafee, A. (2024). Evaluasi Kebijakan Ekowisata di Indonesia dan Brunei Darussalam: Perspektif Regulasi, Kelembagaan, dan Pemberdayaan Komunitas. Jurnal Kebijakan Dan Manajemen Pariwisata, 9(2), 101–118. https://journal.ui.ac.id/jkmp/article/view/2794
Rane, N., Choudhary, S., & Rane, J. (2023). Sustainable Tourism Development Using Leading-Edge AI, Blockchain, IoT, AR, and VR. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Sustainable Tourism Innovation. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4642605
Samara, D., Magnisalis, I., & Peristeras, V. (2020). Artificial intelligence and big data in Tourism: A systematic literature review. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JHTT-12-2018-0118/full/html
Saputro, A., Hasim, M., Karlinasari, L., & Beik, I. (2023). Analisis Keberlanjutan Pariwisata Pedesaan di Kabupaten Ciamis Menggunakan Pendekatan MDS dan ANP. Jurnal Pembangunan Dan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan, 5(1), 45–62. https://journal.unpad.ac.id/jppb/article/view/5872
Silva, E., Rodríguez, M., & Herrera, J. (2022). Integration of UML and IoT for Smart Tourism Systems. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 13(4), 1975–1990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-021-03174-5
Singh, B., & Kaunert, C. (2025). Mixing Virtual Reality for Environmental Conservation in Tourist Spots: Hitching Biodiversity Sustainable Tourism for Regenerative Preservation Management BT - Environmental Conservation and Virtual Technologies. IGI Global. https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/mixing-virtual-reality-for-environmental-conservation-in-Tourist-spots/372262
Sommerville, I. (2020). Software Engineering (10th ed.). Pearson Education.
Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Agam 2025. (2025). Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Agam. https://agamkab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2025/09/26/7ac70054c0127ae5446585a6/statistik-daerah-kabupaten-agam-2025.html
Stroumpoulis, A., & Kopanaki, E. (2022). Role of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Analytics in Smart Tourism. https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/ST22/ST22009FU1.pdf
Suanpang, P., & Pothipassa, P. (2024). Integrating Generative AI and IoT for Sustainable Smart Tourism Destinations. Sustainability. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/17/7435
Valeri, M. (2023). Tourism Innovation in the Digital Era: Big Data, AI and Technological Transformation. Emerald Publishing. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/978-1-83797-166-420231010/full/html
Wang, X., Li, Y., & Zhen, F. (2021). AI-based personalization in Tourism marketing. Tourism Management, 87, 104360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Tourman.2021.104360
Wismantoro, Y., Aryanto, V. D. W., & Pamungkas, I. D. (2022). Virtual Reality Destination Experiences Model: A Moderating Variable Between Sustainable Tourism Behavior and Tourists’ Intention to Visit. Sustainability, 15(1), 446. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/1/446
Zhang, Y., & Deng, B. (2024). Exploring the Nexus of Smart Technologies and Sustainable EcoTourism: A Systematic Review. Heliyon. https://www.cell.com/heliyon/fulltext/S2405-8440(24)08027-7
